Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

TENS is a safe, non-invasive treatment that uses mild electrical currents delivered through electrodes placed on the skin. Patients usually feel a gentle tingling sensation. When used correctly, TENS is generally well tolerated by animals and helps reduce pain by targeting the nerves that carry pain signals to the brain. It can be effective for managing both short-term and long-term pain.

How Does TENS Work?

The effects of TENS depend on the frequency and pulse settings, allowing it to activate different pain-relief pathways simultaneously:

• Pain Gate Mechanism: At higher frequencies, TENS stimulates specific sensory nerves (A-beta fibres) which “close the gate” on pain signals sent by other nerve fibres (C fibres). This interrupts pain transmission and provides localized relief. Both peripheral and central nervous system pathways may be involved in this effect.
• Endorphin Release: At lower frequencies, TENS activates other nerve fibres (A-delta) that stimulate the release of endorphins, the body’s natural pain-relieving chemicals. This reduces the sensation of pain by dampening pain pathways within the spinal cord.
• Improved Circulation: TENS can also cause blood vessels to widen (vasodilation), increasing blood flow to the area. This helps deliver nutrients and remove waste products, supporting tissue healing.

Using TENS at Home

TENS can be a valuable part of an overall rehabilitation program and may be safely used at home with proper guidance. If you’re interested in incorporating TENS therapy for your horse, Hannah’s Horses and Hounds Veterinary Physiotherapy offers TENS units for hire or can help you select one to purchase.